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 It's
little wonder that so many wistful songs have been penned over the years
about France's capital, Paris . Few cities leave the visitor with such
vivid impressions, whether it's the drifting cherry blossoms in the
tranquil gardens of Notre-Dame, the riverside quais on a summer evening,
the sound of blues in atmospheric cellar bars, or the ancient alleyways
and cobbled lanes of the historic Latin Quarter and villagey Montmartre.
Paris has no problem living up to the painted images and movie myths
with which we're all familiar. Indeed, the whole city is something of a
work of art. Two thousand years of shaping and reshaping have resulted
in monumental building, sweeping avenues, grand esplanades and
celebrated bridges. Many of its older buildings have survived intact,
having been spared the ravages of flood and fire and saved from Hitler's
intended destruction. Moreover, they survive with a sense of continuity
and homogeneity, as new sits comfortably against a backdrop of old - the
glass Pyramid against the grand fortress of the Louvre, the Column of
Liberty against the Opéra Bastille. Time has acted as judge, as
buildings once surrounded in controversy - the Eiffel Tower, the Sacré-Coeur,
the Pompidou Centre - have in their turn become well-known symbols of
the city. Yet for all the tremendous pomp and magnificence of its
monuments, the city operates on a very human scale, with exquisite,
secretive little nooks tucked away off the Grands Boulevards and very
definite little communities revolving around games of boules and the
local boulangerie and café.
Architecturally, the Cathédrale de Notre-Dame, Sainte-Chapelle and the
Palais du Louvre , in the city's centre, provide a constant reminder of
Paris's religious and royal past. The backdrop of the streets is
predominantly Neoclassical, the result of nineteenth-century development
designed to reflect the power of the French state. Each period since,
however, has added, more or less discreetly, novel examples of its own
styles - with Auguste Perret, Le Corbusier, Mallet-Stevens and Eiffel
among the early twentieth-century innovators. In recent decades, the
architectural additions have been more dramatic in scale, producing new
and major landmarks, and recasting down-at-heel districts into important
centres of cultural and consumer life. New buildings such as La Villette,
La Grande Arche de la Défense , the Opéra Bastille , the Institut du
Monde Arabe and the Bibliothèque Nationale have expanded the dimensions
of the city, pointing it determinedly towards the future.
Paris's museums and galleries , not least the mighty Louvre , number
among the world's finest. The tradition of state cultural endowment is
very much alive in the city and collections are exceedingly well
displayed and cared for. Many are also housed in beautiful locations,
such as old mansions and palaces, others in bold conversions, most
famously the Musée d'Orsay , which occupies a former train station. The
Impressionists here and at the Musée Marmottan , the moderns at the
Palais de Tokyo , the smaller Picasso and Rodin museums - all repay a
visit. In addition, the contemporary scene is well represented in the
commercial galleries that fill the Marais, St-Germain, the Bastille and
the area around the Champs-Élysées, and there's an ever-expanding range
of museums devoted to other areas of human endeavour - science, history,
decoration, fashion and performance art.
Few cities can compete with the thousand-and-one cafés, bars and
restaurants that line every Parisian street and boulevard. The variety
of style and décor, cuisine and price is hard to beat too. Traditional
French food has become increasingly innovative and the many ethnic
origins represented among the city's millions have opened eateries
providing a range of gastronomic options for every palate and pocket.
The city entertains best at night, with a deserved reputation for
outstanding film and music . Paris's cinematic prowess is marked by
annual film festivals, with a refreshing emphasis on art, independent
and international films. Music is equally revered, with nightly
offerings of excellent jazz, top-quality classical, avant-garde
experimental, international rock, West African soukous and French-Caribbean
zouk , Algerian raï , and traditional chansons .
If you've time, you should certainly venture out of the city. The region
surrounding the capital - the Île de France - is dotted with cathedrals
and châteaux as stunning and steeped in history as the city itself -
Chartres, Versailles and Fontainebleau , for example. An equally
accessible excursion from the capital is that most un-French of
attractions, Disneyland Paris .
The city
Geography and history have combined to give Paris a remarkably coherent
and intelligible structure. The city lies in a basin surrounded by hills.
It is very nearly circular, confined within the limits of the the ring
road, the boulevard périphérique, which follows the line of the city's
nineteenth-century fortifications. The capital's raison d'être and its
lifeline, the River Seine , flows east to west, carving the city in two.
Anchored at the hub of the circle, in the middle of the river, is the
island from which the rest of Paris grew: the Île de la Cité , home of
the capital's oldest religious and secular institutions - Notre Dame
cathedral and the Palais de Justice.
The north or Right Bank ( rive droite ) of the Seine is characterized by
imposing government buildings, sweeping vistas and elegant boulevards.
The longest and grandest thoroughfare is the so-called Voie Triomphale ,
which runs from the Louvre to the Grande Arche de la Défense in the
northwest, taking in the Tuileries gardens, Champs-Élysées and Arc de
Triomphe, each monument an expression of royal or state power across the
centuries. To the immediate north and east of the Voie Triomphale spread
the commercial and financial quarters, site of the stock exchange, the
refurbished nineteenth-century passages and Les Halles shopping centre.
Just to the east of Les Halles lie the Marais and Bastille quartiers,
two of the city's liveliest and most happening areas.
The south bank of the river, or Left Bank ( rive gauche ), owes its
existence to the cathedral school of Notre-Dame, which spilled over from
the Île de la Cité and became the university of the Sorbonne, attracting
scholars and students from all over the medieval world. Ever since, it
has been the traditional domain of academics, writers and artists.
The city is divided into twenty arrondissements , whose spiral
arrangement provides a fairly accurate guide to its historical growth .
Centred on the Louvre, they wind outwards in a clockwise direction. The
inner hub of the city comprises arrondissements 1er to 6e, and it's here
that most of the major sights and museums are to be found. The outer or
higher-number arrondissements were mostly incorpor ated into the city in
the nineteenth century - some, such as Montmartre, Belleville and Passy
, have succeeded in retaining something of their separate village
identity. Historically, the districts to the west attracted the aristo
cracy and the newly rich, while those to the east accommodated mainly
the poor and the working class, distinctions which largely hold true to
this day, though much of the east is gradually being gentrified.
Paris is not particularly well endowed with parks. The largest, the Bois
de Boulogne and the Bois de Vincennes , at the western and eastern
limits of the city respectively, do possess small pockets of interest,
but are largely anonymous sprawls. For a break from the bustle of the
city, it is best to try an out-of-town excursion, to the gardens of
Giverny , for example, or the forest of Fontainebleau .
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